With the discovery of interleukins (IL), the concept of systemic inflammation developed. Systemic inflammation is not confined to a particular tissue but involves the endothelium and other organ systems.

High levels of several inflammation-related markers obesity . Inflammatory-related molecule levels were reduced and increased levels of anti-inflammatory molecules were seen within four weeks after patients began a very low calorie diet.

Obesity that inflammation and macrophage -specific genes are unregulated in white adipose tissue. There were also signs of dramatic increase in circulating insulin level. Leptin is a hormone protein secreted by stored fat that signals satiety.

In chronic inflammation, the immune cells may mistake fatty deposits for intruders. The body attacks fat. When expanded fat cells leak or break open, macrophages mobilize to clean up and embed into the adipose tissue.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is generated at a higher level in obese people. It raises when there is inflammation throughout the body. Mild elevation in CRP increase risk of heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, muscle weakness and fragility.

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